SAWERA
was introduced to GHRD by Front Line Defenders, an international
organization based in Ireland that was set up in
2001. The organization works to protect human rights defenders, like the staff
at SAWERA, who are at risk because of their peaceful and courageous work
for the human rights of others in their community. Front Line Defenders
provides this protection in many ways including providing security grants to
improve human rights defenders' physical protection and conducting security and
computer training to strengthen their physical and online security. See www.frontlinedefenders.org for
more details.
GHRD was lucky enough to interview a member of SAWERA in order to learn more about their work. We thank them very much for their time and insightful answers!
- Please explain what SAWERA is and where you work?
SAWERA - the Society for Appraisal and Women Empowerment in Rural Areas, works to promote the equal status of women in the tribal society by helping to foster women's social and political rights. We try to improve the lives of the women in the region by promoting women's literacy and employment and educating people in an attempt to combat domestic violence.
We work in the Federally Administrated Tribal Areas, known more commonly as FATA, of Pakistan because when the Taliban regime fell in Afghanistan in December 2001, the remaining militants retreated to the FATA in Pakistan in order to regroup. This area is located in northwestern Pakistan, just across the border with Afghanistan, and has a population of approximately 4.1 million. Here the militants challenged the fragile tribal governing system in place in the region and exercised their power and control by brutally targeting innocent civilians and thus diminishing the power of the existing governing system.
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| A map of Pakistan which highlights the FATA region in red |
The Government of Pakistan tried to limit the Taliban with a military operation but it was unsuccessful and the militants were able to extend their activities and move towards the bigger cities located near the FATA. As a result, people began to leave their homes in the region and reside as displaced persons in the outskirts of the district. Civil servants, businessmen and humanitarian workers fled the area as incidents of kidnappings and targeted killings increased.
Not only did the militants reject the incumbent governing system by the tribes in the FATA, they also strongly denied women's rights in the region. Female teachers, doctors and health workers were shot and killed which served to scare women back into their homes. Educational and economic opportunities for women diminished to 0%, with women's involvement in decision making and dispute management processes becoming an unattainable dream. The society became increasingly male-dominated and women were viewed as secondary. This was the real inspiration and motivation for the founding of SAWERA.
SAWERA began by organizing meetings with women on the importance of women's rights and education and went on to open a school to educate the girls whose schools had been destroyed by militants in the Khyber Agency district of the FATA.
- Please explain a bit more about the work SAWERA does?
SAWERA
works to promote the equal status of women in this tribal society by helping to
foster women's social and political rights. We try to improve the lives of the
women in the region by promoting women's literacy and employment and educating
people in an attempt to combat domestic violence.
SAWERA
began by organizing meetings with women on the importance of women's rights and
education and went on to open a school to educate the girls whose schools had
been destroyed by militants in the Khyber Agency district of the FATA.
- And what is your role within the organisation?
I
work as the security adviser for SAWERA. I manage the level of threat against
the organization and respond to any security incidents. My duties include
assessing an area from a security perspective before any SAWERA staff travel there. I do this by identifying and mitigating the risks and threats. I
design security protocols and procedures to provide protection for SAWERA
staff and I deliver safety and security training to protect them. Moreover, I
also manage responses to security incidents and deal with the media.
- Please tell us more about the people you work with?
We
work to help the female half of the population in this rigid, tribal society
where there is a strong militant hold. This half of the population have been
consistently ignored by tribal administrative authorities since the country was
founded in 1947 and since the 2001 influx of militants from Afghanistan, the
situation for women and children has become much worse.
In
2008, under the control of militants, dozens of new sanctions against women
were introduced in the FATA region, for example they introduced the rule that
women were not allowed to go outside unless they were accompanied by a male
member of their family. If a woman was found to be breaking this rule she would
be severely punished. The Taliban groups based in the North and South
Waziristan districts of the FATA announced that women were not allowed to apply
for a CNIC card – the National Identity Card, which is compulsory for opening
bank accounts, applying for a passport and almost all substantial monetary
transactions, such as buying cars, land and other assets. They also insisted
that women wear the burqa (traditional scarf).
- What do you think are the biggest challenges and problems that women face in FATA?
Violence
against women and honor killings are two burning issues for women in the
tribal region, coupled with the fact that the power to challenge these issues
lies with the leading male figures in society, to whom women are invisible.
There are no institutions or mechanisms for women to submit complaints about
their abusers. There are no women's courts in the tribal area.
Furthermore,
before the war against terror in Afghanistan, the female literacy rate in the FATA
region was 3%. However, when the Taliban retreated from Afghanistan, and
entered the FATA, they started pushing their own agenda, demolishing many girl’s
schools, claiming that these schools were providing secular education. Then,
for fear of more demolitions and bomb blasts, the remaining schools for girls closed.
These factors combined to further reduce the levels of literacy and female
education in the region which is the third biggest challenge.
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| SAWERA has worked hard to improve the lives of girls and women |
- Please explain some of the innovative projects you have implemented
SAWERA
has implemented a wide range of programs in the FATA since its inception in
2004. Women Protection Groups were set up in an effort to protect women from violence,
harassment and to engage them in peace-building, non-violent activities. For the first time in the country's history, women and girls are being involved
in security mapping and peace-building initiatives. These groups identify
unsafe places within their communities and they subsequently go on to link-up
with government and non-government institutions for the provision of support on
the bases of their identified security issues.
SAWERA
also implements an Open Intervention Program to build the capacity of
local community based organizations (CBOs) for women in the FATA. This program
incorporates diverse training events on the approaches to development in order
to enhance the capacity of CBOs in building an understanding about the
obstacles that inhibit people, governments, international
organizations and non-governmental organizations from realizing their
developmental goals. These trainings also enhance the CBOs strengths so that
they will achieve measurable and sustainable results. This project has
facilitated some 30 village-level CBOs to date, with many participants now
serving as social activists in their communities, facilitating ongoing
developments.
SAWERA also provides IT (Information
Technology) training for women in the FATA. These trainings have provided the
participants with skills required for employment, and some have gone on to
secure jobs in government institutions, earning a source of income for their
families.
- What are the main issues that SAWERA faces?
SAWERA
is operating programs in the FATA, one of the most dangerous regions in the
world for human rights work and in particular women's rights work.
In June 2012, Farida Afridi, one of the founders of SAWERA, told
journalists that she was receiving threatening messages from an anonymous
source. These messages told her to stop her work for women's rights and to stop
her open criticism of the Pakistani government, the Taliban militants and the
male-dominated structure of Pakistani society. In July 2012, whilst leaving her
house to go to work, Farida was shot once in the head and twice in the neck by
two men on a motorcycle. Later that day, she died in hospital.
Additionally, in
2013, the SAWERA office was bombed, thankfully nobody was injured, but there
was a lot of structural damage to the infrastructure. The militants continue to
threaten us, demanding that we cease our work for women's empowerment and the
promotion of women's rights. The threats still exist, each and every day for
us.
- What do you think SAWERA needs in order to work more effectively?
Funding
is key. At present we are operating with limited resources and we do not have
adequate funds to provide financial support to victims of the violence. Ideally
we would like to have the resources to manage investigation visits within the
country as well as rest and respite visits out of the country for staff members
who are attacked or under severe stress. Additional funding would also be
useful to help us in relocating our office to a safer location so that the
space could have the dual-purpose of being an office and a safe-house for staff
and families in emergency situations.
- Why do you think international support is important to an organisation like SAWERA?
International
recognition acts as an encouragement to the staff of SAWERA. By recognizing the
importance of the work we are doing to promote women's rights the international
community gives us strength. It also serves to spread the news that such
marginalization and discrimination exists in the FATA and hopefully this can
lead to more support for these women.
Earlier
this year SAWERA won the 10th Front Line Defenders Award for Human
Rights Defenders at Risk. This was an international acknowledgement that
despite the risks and the losses we have faced, the international community is
aware of our work and recognizes our courage. It was also an opportunity to
extend our global network and to meet with people who will further support the
work of SAWERA.
SAWERA
has some global partners including Safe World For Women, Women’s WorldWide Web (W4) and Asian Girl Campaign, who all
highlight the importance of SAWERA's work globally.
- Where does SAWERA see itself in 5 years?
It is our goal in SAWERA for the female literacy rate to be
increased by 50% in the coming five years. We also hope for peace in the
region, as once peace is restored both boys and girls will be able to go to
school safely and happily. As we continue to work to change people's attitudes
in the tribal society we hope that they will learn to accept the equal status
of women and be open to women's empowerment.
The strength of the women in the region will grow and this
will resolve some of the issues women are facing, allowing them to exercise
power in areas of decision making in the coming years.
Ultimately, peace is of utmost importance for women in the
region to exist in an environment that will allow them to realize their rights.
Photos courtesy of SAWERA
Disclaimer: Blog posts do not necessarily reflect the views of Global Human Rights Defence.
